{"id":2237,"date":"2021-05-30T15:20:42","date_gmt":"2021-05-30T12:20:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/irenelcisoy.com.tr\/?p=2237"},"modified":"2021-05-30T15:21:25","modified_gmt":"2021-05-30T12:21:25","slug":"mimaride-tarz-ve-uslup-orneklemeleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/irenelcisoy.com.tr\/index.php\/2021\/05\/30\/mimaride-tarz-ve-uslup-orneklemeleri\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u0130MAR\u0130\u2019DE TARZ ve \u00dcSLUP \u00d6RNEKLEMELER\u0130"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Gotik Mimari<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

12. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Fransa\u2019n\u0131n Kuzey B\u00f6lgesinden ba\u015flayarak Avrupa\u2019ya yay\u0131lan ve 16. Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131na dek devam eden mimari \u00fcsluptur. Di\u011fer tarzlardan kolayca ayr\u0131lmas\u0131na sebep olan as\u0131l \u00f6zelli\u011fi ise g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcne do\u011fru y\u00fckselen dikey hatlar\u0131d\u0131r. Son derece heybetli ve y\u00fcksek olan gotik yap\u0131lar\u0131n, bu \u015fekilde in\u015fa edilmesindeki ama\u00e7, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz ko\u015fullar\u0131ndaki gibi daha fazla ki\u015fiye istihdam sa\u011flamak de\u011fil dini inan\u0131\u015f\u0131n mimarideki yans\u0131mas\u0131d\u0131r. G\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcne do\u011fru y\u00fckselen bir yap\u0131n\u0131n, insanla Tanr\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki ba\u011f\u0131n sembol\u00fc oldu\u011funa inanan ve mimaride dinleri odak noktas\u0131na alan bir inan\u0131\u015f\u0131n sanatla bulu\u015fmas\u0131d\u0131r. Daha dar alana kurulan yap\u0131lar dikey boyutta muazzam bi\u00e7imde y\u00fckselirler. Hatta \u00f6yle ki gotik tarzda olu\u015fturulmu\u015f bir katedralin boyu, romanesk tarzda olu\u015fturulmu\u015f bir katedralin boyunun neredeyse iki kat\u0131d\u0131r. Gotik yap\u0131lar\u0131n bir di\u011fer belirleyici \u00f6zelli\u011fi ise \u00fc\u00e7gen ve sivri u\u00e7lu tonozlar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gotik mimari; ad\u0131n\u0131 Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019yla sava\u015fan Got\u2019lar\u0131n barbarlara \u00f6zg\u00fc mimarisinden alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00fcnyaca \u00fcnl\u00fc Gotik mimari \u00f6rneklerinden baz\u0131lar\u0131;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. K\u00f6ln Katedrali, Almanya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Milano Katedrali, \u0130talya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Notre Dame de Paris, Fransa<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. Floransa Katedrali, \u0130talya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. Old Town Bridge Tower, \u00c7ekya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6. Canterbury Katedrali, \u0130ngiltere<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7. Saint-Denis Bazilikas\u0131, Fransa<\/p>\n\n\n\n

8. Notre Dame de Reims, Fransa<\/p>\n\n\n\n

9. Salisbury Katedrali, \u0130ngiltere<\/p>\n\n\n\n

10. Meryem Ana Kilisesi, Bel\u00e7ika<\/p>\n\n\n\n

11. Amiens Katedrali, Fransa<\/p>\n\n\n\n

12. Chartres Katedrali, Fransa<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Romanesk Mimari<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gotik tarz\u0131n aksine dikey boyutta de\u011fil yatay olarak uzanan yap\u0131lar\u0131n mimarisidir. Romanesk tarzda in\u015fa edilen yap\u0131lar y\u00fckseklik bak\u0131m\u0131ndan iddial\u0131 de\u011fildir ancak \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck alanlara yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Duvarlar\u0131 \u00e7ok kal\u0131nd\u0131r ve payandalarla desteklenmi\u015ftir. Payandalar y\u00fcz\u00fcnden yap\u0131n\u0131n alt k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131nda pencere bulunmaz. Pencereler \u00fcst katlarda ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck boyutlardad\u0131r hatta \u00f6yle ki yap\u0131n\u0131n en \u00fcst kat\u0131ndaki pencereler di\u011fer katlardan da ufakt\u0131r. Kule olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan k\u0131sa ve k\u00fct \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 vard\u0131r. Pencerelerin tasar\u0131msal boyutu ve say\u0131 olarak azl\u0131\u011f\u0131, romanesk yap\u0131lar\u0131n lo\u015f ve kasvetli bir hava hissettirmesine sebep olur. Yap\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131 olduk\u00e7a sadeyken i\u00e7 tasar\u0131m\u0131nda soyut imgeler ve zaman\u0131n ruhunu simgeleyen s\u00fcslemeler kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Romanesk yap\u0131larda tonozlar yuvarlak hatl\u0131d\u0131r. Tonozlar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra pencere ve kap\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evelerinde de ayn\u0131 yuvarlak tasar\u0131mlara rastlanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Romanesk mimarisinin en \u00fcnl\u00fc \u00f6rne\u011fi \u0130talya\u2019daki Pisa Kulesi ve Pisa Katedrali\u2019dir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00fcnyaca \u00fcnl\u00fc, Romanesk mimari \u00f6rneklerinden baz\u0131lar\u0131;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.Tournai Katedrali (Bel\u00e7ika)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.Murbach Benediktin Kilisesi (Fransa)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.Saint Trophime Kilisesi (Fransa)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4.Speyer Katedrali (Almanya)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5.Saint Michael Kilisesi (Almanya)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6.Saint Galle Manast\u0131r\u0131 (\u0130svi\u00e7re)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7.Saint Peter Bazilikas\u0131 (Roma)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

8.Durham Katedrali (\u0130ngiltere)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

9.Morienval Manast\u0131r\u0131 (Fransa)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

10.Ottmarsheim Manast\u0131r\u0131 (Fransa)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130stanbul\u2019daki Galata Kulesi, Romanesk sanat \u00f6rneklerinden biridir. Kelime anlam\u0131yla Romanesk; \u201cRoman soyundan\u201d anlam\u0131na gelmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00f6nesans Mimarisi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00f6nesans kelimesi,  \u0130talyanca \u2018Rinascita\u2019 yani yeniden do\u011fu\u015f anlam\u0131na gelen kelimenin k\u00f6k\u00fcnden t\u00fcremi\u015ftir. Dini anlam\u0131; g\u00fcnahlardan ar\u0131nma olarak da bilinir. Roma ve Antik Yunan medeniyetlerine ait olan temel sanat ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr unsurlar\u0131n\u0131n yeniden ele al\u0131narak, 15. Y\u00fczy\u0131l d\u00fcnyas\u0131na ba\u015fka bir boyutta yans\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 R\u00f6nesans mimarisi; 15. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda \u0130talya\u2019n\u0131n Toscana b\u00f6lgesinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f ve daha sonra 16. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131na do\u011fru Fransa, Almanya, \u0130ngiltere ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere t\u00fcm Avrupa\u2019ya yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00f6nesans d\u00f6neminin ilk mimar\u0131 olarak \u201cFlippo Brunelleschi\u201d kabul edilmektedir. Gotik d\u00f6nemde oda\u011f\u0131nda dinin yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir ya\u015fam tarz\u0131n\u0131 benimseyen insanlar, bilim ve sanat\u0131n t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada yank\u0131 uyand\u0131rmaya ba\u015flamas\u0131yla yeni bir ak\u0131m\u0131n etkisine girmi\u015flerdir. R\u00f6nesans demek, Yunan medeniyetlerindeki matematik, felsefe ve fizik gibi bilim dallar\u0131n\u0131n yeniden de\u011fer g\u00f6rmeye ba\u015flamas\u0131 ve mimaride de kendine yer bulmas\u0131 demektir. R\u00f6nesans etkileri; sosyal, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel, \u00e7evresel ve psikolojik pek \u00e7ok kavram\u0131 ayn\u0131 anda de\u011fi\u015fmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00f6nesans mimarisinin temelinde, Romal\u0131 mimar Vitruvius\u2019un MS 100 y\u0131l\u0131nda yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131, mimarl\u0131k ve kent tasar\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 10 ciltlik eseri \u2018\u2019De architectura\u2019\u2019 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Romanesk ve Goti\u011fin katedral yap\u0131lar\u0131nda yo\u011funla\u015fan mimari a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n aksine; R\u00f6nesans mimarisi saray, k\u00f6\u015fk ve sosyal binalar gibi farkl\u0131 yap\u0131 t\u00fcrlerinde de g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Resim, heykel ve mimari i\u00e7 i\u00e7e kavramlar olarak kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ana malzeme olarak ta\u015f\u0131n kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 R\u00f6nesans tarz\u0131 mimari yap\u0131larda alt\u0131n oran belirgin \u015fekilde g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00fcnyaca \u00fcnl\u00fc R\u00f6nesans mimarisi yap\u0131lar\u0131ndan baz\u0131lar\u0131;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.Floransa Katedrali, Floransa, \u0130talya.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.Marciana K\u00fct\u00fcphanesi, Venedik, \u0130talya.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Santa Maria Novella Bazilikas\u0131, Floransa, \u0130talya.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4.Aziz Petrus Bazilikas\u0131, Vatikan, \u0130talya.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. Uffizi M\u00fczesi, Floransa, \u0130talya.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6. Pitti Saray\u0131, Floransa, \u0130talya.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7. Chambord \u015eatosu, Fransa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Barok Mimari<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Barok kelimesinin k\u00f6keni, Portekizce\u2018de \u2018tam yuvarlak olmayan e\u011fri-b\u00fc\u011fr\u00fc\u2019 anlam\u0131nda olan barocco s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden gelmektedir. Barok mimari 16. y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u0130talya\u2019da ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. G\u00f6steri, tiyatro ve renklerle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olan bu tarz; 16. ve 18. y\u00fczy\u0131llar aras\u0131nda \u0130talya\u2019dan Avrupa\u2019ya yay\u0131lan genel dinamik bir mimari ak\u0131m olarak sanatsal tarihteki yerini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. E\u011fri hatlar\u0131n h\u00e2kim oldu\u011fu ak\u0131mda \u00f6zellikle \u0130talyan kiliselerinin duvarlar\u0131nda Tanr\u0131 ve mitolojik unsurlar\u0131n i\u015flenmesi g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpar. Yine bu d\u00f6nemin yap\u0131lar\u0131 g\u00f6rkemli ve devasa bah\u00e7elerle donat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sanatsal d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce bak\u0131m\u0131ndan k\u00f6keni incelendi\u011finde, R\u00f6nesans\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 bir duru\u015f olarak geli\u015fti\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Baro tarzdaki yap\u0131lar k\u0131vr\u0131ml\u0131 duvarlara sahip cepheleri, b\u00fcy\u00fck tavan freskleri ve renklerin yo\u011fun olarak kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 zengin s\u00fcslemeleri ile dikkat \u00e7ekerler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00fcnyaca \u00fcnl\u00fc Barok mimarisi yap\u0131lar\u0131ndan baz\u0131lar\u0131;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1 \u2013 Madrid Kraliyet Saray\u0131 \/ \u0130spanya.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2 \u2013 Rezidans W\u00fcrzburg \/ Almanya.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3 \u2013 Versay Saray\u0131 \/ Fransa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4 \u2013 Trevi \u00c7e\u015fmesi \/ \u0130talya.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5 \u2013 St Paul Katedrali \/ \u0130ngiltere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6 \u2013 Zwinger Saray\u0131 \/ Almanya.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7 \u2013 Karl Kilisesi \/ Avusturya.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

8 \u2013 Blenheim Saray\u0131 \/ \u0130ngiltere.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Gotik Mimari 12. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Fransa\u2019n\u0131n Kuzey B\u00f6lgesinden ba\u015flayarak Avrupa\u2019ya yay\u0131lan ve 16. Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131na dek devam eden mimari \u00fcsluptur. Di\u011fer tarzlardan kolayca ayr\u0131lmas\u0131na sebep olan as\u0131l \u00f6zelli\u011fi ise g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcne do\u011fru y\u00fckselen dikey hatlar\u0131d\u0131r. Son derece heybetli ve y\u00fcksek olan gotik yap\u0131lar\u0131n, bu \u015fekilde in\u015fa edilmesindeki ama\u00e7, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz ko\u015fullar\u0131ndaki gibi daha fazla ki\u015fiye istihdam sa\u011flamak de\u011fil […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2239,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[20,21],"class_list":["post-2237","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-architecture","tag-mimarlik","tag-mimarlik-nedir"],"aioseo_notices":[],"lang":"tr","translations":{"tr":2237,"en":2614},"pll_sync_post":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/irenelcisoy.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2237","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/irenelcisoy.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/irenelcisoy.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/irenelcisoy.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/irenelcisoy.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2237"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/irenelcisoy.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2237\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2241,"href":"https:\/\/irenelcisoy.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2237\/revisions\/2241"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/irenelcisoy.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2239"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/irenelcisoy.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2237"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/irenelcisoy.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2237"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/irenelcisoy.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2237"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}